feat(linter): implement Phase 1 linter automation and docs

- Add .clang-tidy (analyzer + selected bugprone) and .clang-format (LLVM, 4-space, 100 cols)
- Enhance scripts/run-linter.sh to use compile_commands.json when available
- Add scripts/setup-hooks.sh pre-commit (format enforcement; advisory tidy)
- Update azure-pipelines.yml to export compile_commands and run clang-tidy -p build
- Fill docs/linter-setup.md and docs/coding-standards.md for Phase 1
- Add minimal tests in tests/test_main.cpp to ensure CI executes
- Rewrite README with Phase 1 workflow

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ stages:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy clang-format cmake build-essential
           clang-tidy --version
+          cmake --version
           
     - task: Bash@3
       displayName: 'Check Code Format'
@@ -42,14 +43,26 @@ stages:
           find src tests -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.h" | xargs clang-format --dry-run --Werror
           
     - task: Bash@3
-      displayName: 'Run clang-tidy on all files'
+      displayName: 'Configure build (export compile_commands)'
       inputs:
         targetType: 'inline'
         script: |
-          echo "Running clang-tidy..."
-          find src tests -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.h" | xargs clang-tidy --config-file=.clang-tidy
+          echo "Configuring CMake to export compile_commands.json..."
+          mkdir -p build
+          cd build
+          cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ variables.buildConfiguration }} -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
+          ls -la
           
-          # 階段一：只顯示警告，不中斷 CI
+    - task: Bash@3
+      displayName: 'Run clang-tidy on all files (advisory)'
+      inputs:
+        targetType: 'inline'
+        script: |
+          echo "Running clang-tidy (Phase 1: advisory only)..."
+          FILES=$(find src tests -type f \( -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.cxx" -o -name "*.cc" -o -name "*.c++" -o -name "*.h" -o -name "*.hpp" -o -name "*.hxx" \))
+          if [ -n "$FILES" ]; then
+            echo "$FILES" | xargs -r clang-tidy -p build --config-file=.clang-tidy || true
+          fi
           echo "Linter completed. Review warnings above."
           
     - task: Bash@3
@@ -57,7 +70,6 @@ stages:
       inputs:
         targetType: 'inline'
         script: |
-          mkdir build
           cd build
           cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ variables.buildConfiguration }}
           make -j$(nproc)
@@ -81,8 +93,18 @@ stages:
         targetType: 'inline'
         script: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy cmake build-essential
+          cmake --version
           
+    - task: Bash@3
+      displayName: 'Configure build (export compile_commands)'
+      inputs:
+        targetType: 'inline'
+        script: |
+          echo "Configuring CMake to export compile_commands.json for PR analysis..."
+          mkdir -p build
+          cd build
+          cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ variables.buildConfiguration }} -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
     - task: Bash@3
       displayName: 'Analyze Changed Files Only'
       inputs:
@@ -102,5 +124,5 @@ stages:
           echo "Changed C++ files:"
           echo "$CHANGED_FILES"
           
-          echo "Running clang-tidy on changed files..."
-          echo "$CHANGED_FILES" | xargs clang-tidy --config-file=.clang-tidy -- -std=c++98
+          echo "Running clang-tidy on changed files (advisory)..."
+          echo "$CHANGED_FILES" | xargs -r clang-tidy -p build --config-file=.clang-tidy || true